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Instruksi Subtes 1
Directions: Questions 1–20 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one that best completes the sentence.
Subtes 1
1. Not only _____ in forestry conservation help to combat deforestation and habitat destruction but also promotes social equity, environmental justice, and intergenerational equity.
2. Obtaining accurate and relevant information about patients _____ been the healthcare industry’s main priority as a whole.
3. _____ successful banks from others is their ability to effectively manage risk, maintain liquidity, and provide competitive rates and services that meet the needs of their customers.
4. The steel industry _____ of modern infrastructure, provides the raw material for construction projects worldwide.
5. Collaborative efforts between heritage conservationists, local communities, and government agencies are essential in devising holistic strategies _____ cultural heritage.
6. Despite _____, such as rising healthcare costs and workforce shortages, the health services sector continues to innovate, adapt, and utilize technology and interdisciplinary collaboration.
7. The earlier one invests in life insurance, _____ it is in terms of securing lower premiums and ensuring financial security for loved ones in the event of unexpected death.
8. _____ rely on telecommunications and media services in their daily lives seek convenience, reliability, and personalized experiences in an increasingly interconnected world.
9. Collaboration between governments and industry stakeholders is essential for addressing the complex challenges _____ of the oil sectors.
10. Aerospace manufacturers, _____ cutting-edge technology and materials, accurately manufacture aircraft components to ensure optimal performance and safety.
11. _____ the necessary infrastructure and technology will lead to a rise in the production of numerous metals around the world.
12. Reducing mining threats to Protected Areas _____ crucial because there is proof for mineral resources leading to worldwide downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement of Protected Areas.
13. _____ advanced technologies such as automation and robotics, warehousing facilities within the logistics industry serve as critical hubs for storing and managing inventory.
14. The continued advancement of telecommunications and media technology promises to shape the future of society _____ drives innovation in areas such as virtual reality and artificial intelligence.
15. Should extreme _____ more frequent due to climate change, there may be greater pressure on governments and industries to transition towards more sustainable energy sources.
16. _____ carefully, strategic management of heritage sites involves balancing the needs of conservation with those of tourism to minimize negative impacts such as overcrowding and environmental degradation.
17. _____ strong analytical skills and a solid grasp of financial principles can excel in roles such as financial analysis and portfolio management within the finance sector.
18. The _____ of agrochemicals, such as herbicides and insecticides, depends on factors like application timing and dosage.
19. _____ faces myriad challenges such as congestion and regulatory complexities, the company continues to innovate and adapt to meet evolving customer demands and market dynamics.
20. Continuous adaptation and innovation _____ by the tourism industry on journeys of street food in Bangkok to fancy cuisine in Parisian bistros.
Instruksi Subtes 2
Directions: In questions 1–20, identify the underlined word or phrase that must be changed for the sentence to be correct.
Subtes 2
1. (A) Despite ongoing changes and advancements, the (B) core values of the health industry remain (C) steadfastly in guiding (D) their mission to promote health and well-being for all.
2. (A) Administering by governmental agencies and (B) regulatory agencies, financial regulation and oversight (C) aim to maintain the stability and (D) fairness of financial markets.
3. Training programs (A) are providing to employees in the logistic industry to enhance (B) skills and knowledge in areas (C) such inventory management (D) and customer service.
4. In the digital age, social media platforms (A) have emerged (B) as powerful tools for communication and expression, as (C) their facilitate people to share ideas and mobilize (D) for social change.
5. (A) Driving technological advancements, research institutions and universities (B) make a (C) cooperation with the steel industry sector (D) to develop new materials and production techniques.
6. Neither deforestation for (A) agricultural expansion (B) or conversion of natural habitats for industrial purposes (C) is condoned in forestry practices, (D) as both can lead to loss of biodiversity.
7. Heritage tourism allows visitors (A) tracing the footsteps of ancestors to (B) delve into the UNESCO World Heritage Sites (C) alike the ancient city of Petra or the (D) historic monuments of Rome.
8. Manufacturers could develop innovative fertilizers with (A) slow-release formulations (B) by (C) provide nutrients to plants over an extended period of time and reduce the need for (D) frequent applications.
9. Infrastructure (A) asset management involves optimizing (B) a performance and lifespan of a diverse amount of infrastructure (C) assets, from bridges to telecommunications networks and power (D) plants.
10. Despite the immense potential of AI to (A) enhance human capabilities, (B) concerns persist regarding its potential to pose existential risks if not (C) careful managed and (D) regulated.
11. A homeowner ought to (A) has an insurance (B) coverage to safeguard the property (C) against damage or loss (D) due to accidents or natural disasters.
12. (A) Sustainably mining practices, including energy (B) efficiency improvements and emissions reduction strategies, aim to (C) mitigate the environmental impact of coal (D) extraction.
13. In the insurance sector, (A) accountant practices play a pivotal role in ensuring (B) regulatory compliance, as insurers must (C) accurately report (D) their financial transactions.
14. The more investment is (A) made in healthcare infrastructure and resources, (B) the healthcare services become accessible and comprehensive to individuals (C) across (D) diverse communities.
15. Governments, (A) prioritizing projects based on (B) their potential impact on economic development and social equity, (C) allocate resources to address various infrastructure (D) problem.
16. (A) Acted as natural filters, forests (B) purify air and water, enhance the quality of life for (C) both humans and wildlife and reduce the (D) prevalence of respiratory diseases.
17. Within the manufacturing sector, (A) while some companies focus (B) primarily on traditional production methods, (C) other are embracing innovation and (D) diversification to stay competitive.
18. Wind energy utilizes the (A) kinetic energy of wind to turn turbines and (B) generating electricity for homes, businesses, and (C) entire (D) communities.
19. (A) Fertilizer manufacturers invest in (B) sustainable practices to minimize environmental impact and protect natural resources (C) for future generations in every agricultural (D) communities.
20. (A) Within the textile industry, the (B) manufactured of clothing (C) involves various stages, such as (D) weaving fabrics, dyeing materials, and stitching garments.
Instruksi Subtes 3
Direction: In this section, read each passage and choose the best answer (A), (B), (C), or (D).
Subtes 3
Text 1
Line 1–5: Financial leverage refers to the usage of debt to acquire more assets. It is done with the idea that the return on the purchased assets will balance the debt’s interest expense. Hence, the function of leverage is to boost the return on equity. However, high financial leverage raises the risk of failure since repaying debt becomes more difficult if the underlying assets do not yield a sufficient return.
Line 6–10: As the ratio of debt to assets rises, the amount of risk also rises in the form of financial leverage. Financial leverage is advantageous when the returns on debt exceed the interest expenditure connected with the loan. Financial leverage is used by many organizations instead of obtaining more equity capital, which could decrease the earnings per share of existing owners.
Line 11–15: There are two main advantages of financial leverage. First, it can improve earnings as a percentage of a company’s assets. Second, the interest costs are deductible in many tax authorities, lowering the borrower’s net cost of debt. The ultimate result might be a significant rise in earnings, leveraging the money given by lenders.
Line 16–20: The probability of disproportionate loss also can happen in financial leverage, due to the fact that the associated interest costs may overwhelm the borrower if it does not yield adequate returns to cover the interest expense. This can be a problem when the interest rates increase or the market falls. Investors may then be enticed to borrow money so that they can buy more stocks but might face the same risks. If the market price of the security falls, the lender will want the investor to repay the lent cash, resulting in the investor losing money.
Line 21–25: Financial leverage makes the greatest sense when cash flows are expected to be highly constant. When this happens, it becomes easier to estimate the level of debt that will be available to make debt payments. Consistent cash flows are more typical in businesses with low levels of rivalry, high entry barriers, and minimal disruption from product innovation.
1. What is most likely in the paragraph following the passage?
2. It is implied in the passage that...
3. The pronoun “it” in line 10 refers to which of the following?
4. All of the following are true EXCEPT...
5. With what is the author primarily concerned?
6. The word “authorities” in line 13 could be best replaced by...
7. Which of the following is true regarding financial leverage?
8. What is the meaning of “enticed” in line 20?
9. What is the author’s purpose in this passage?
Text 2
Line 1–5: A high-quality public infrastructure fosters economic expansion, enhances quality of life, and creates employment opportunities. However, investing in infrastructure is difficult, and there are many challenges and problems to overcome before the project can be built and start operating. Inadequate governance stands out as a significant factor contributing to the frequent failure of infrastructure projects to meet their deadlines, budgets, and service delivery goals.
Line 6–10: Irrespective of the method used to deliver public infrastructure services, an OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) examination of infrastructure policy formulation underscores several common challenges encountered by all nations. Among these challenges is the difficulty of coordinating infrastructure policies across different tiers of government.
Line 11–15: Various governmental levels are usually involved in public investment at some stage along the investment process. The involvement can be in the form of cooperative funding arrangements or shared policy competencies. Almost 60% of all public investments made in the OECD region are carried out by sub-national governments, which are federated states, regions, and municipalities (OECD, 2016). This investment is mostly used for infrastructure.
Line 16–20: Public investment at the subnational level varies from 13% in Chile to 95% in Canada. It is not always easy for governments across jurisdictions and levels to work together on public investment strategies, even when the actors involved know that cooperation is needed. Efforts to bring governments together may be hampered by transaction costs, competitive pressures, resource limitations, differing priorities, and worries that the benefits or costs of cooperation would be distributed unfairly.
Line 21–25: There are many different ways to coordinate across jurisdictions; the best strategy will rely on the unique features of the area or location, the goals of the policy, and the investment or investments under consideration. Such coordination might occur through financial incentives from the national government, the aggregation of plans from multiple SNGs (subnational governments), or dialogue forums.
1. Which lines state that public investments are carried out by sub-national governments?
2. The pronoun “their” in line 6 refers to which of the following?
3. All of the following are true EXCEPT...
4. It is stated in the passage that...
5. It can be implied from the passage that...
6. What is the main idea of the passage?
7. The word “municipalities” in line 16 could be best replaced by...
8. What is the tone of the passage?
9. The word “tiers” in line 11 refers to which of the following?
Text 3
Line 1–5: Crude oil is transformed into usable, consumable goods including gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, fuel oil, and other petroleum products through the refining process. Crude oil is heated to turn it into a gas during refinement. After being moved, the gas cools in a distillation container. Depending on the desired end product, the liquid is extracted from the gas at specific heights as it cools down to become a liquid.
Line 6–10: As stated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration, a single barrel of oil (42 gallons) yields varied petroleum including around 19 gallons of gasoline, 12 gallons of diesel, and some leftover petroleum. These remaining crude oils are used to make other consumer goods. Tires, crayons, deodorant, and dish soap are some of these things.
Line 11–15: Consisting of several thousand different hydrocarbons, crude oil is heated and converted into gas. The desired product is produced by cooling crude oil at different temperatures. For instance, petroleum gas is yielded by boiling crude oil at 104°F; asphalt and tar are produced by boiling crude oil at temperatures as high as 1112°F. Gasses from oil are dispatched to the bottom of a distillation container once they have formed into gas.
Line 16–20: As the gas is directed to the column, it gets progressively colder. The gas condenses into a liquid when it cools. At different heights, the liquids are removed from the column. The bottom, middle, and top are used for heavy residues (oil residue), raw diesel fuels, and raw gasoline, respectively.
Line 21–25: Generating gasoline from crude oil can be executed by several approaches. The first method is cracking, the process of dissolving big heavy oil and residue molecules. Another way is by reforming, in which the change of gasoline’s molecular configuration takes place. In addition, there is a technique known as isomerization, a process of atoms rearrangement in a molecule to create a new atomic structure with the same chemical formula.
1. It is implied in the passage that...
2. What is the meaning of “dispatched” in line 17?
3. The pronoun “it” in line 5 refers to which of the following?
4. The word “converted” in line 13 could be best replaced by...
5. What is the author’s purpose in this passage?
6. Which of the following would be the best title?
7. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about a single barrel of oil?
8. The paragraph following the passage probably deals with...
9. It is stated in the passage that...
Text 4
Line 1–5: The concept of "the Internet of Things" (IoT), in the broadest meaning, refers to everything that is connected to the internet. Nowadays, it is also increasingly being used to describe devices that "talk" to each other. By integrating these linked devices with automated systems, there is a possibility to gather information, analyze it, and create an action to assist someone with a specific activity or learn from a process.
Line 6–10: IoT enables private, closed network devices to communicate with others. It makes the world connected more by enabling gadgets to interact not just within small silos but also across various networking kinds. However, there has been debate about whether or not everything ought to be connected to the internet simply because it can. Nevertheless, every gadget gathers data for a specific reason that could be useful to a buyer and have an effect on the overall economy.
Line 11–15: In industrial applications, sensors on product lines can reduce waste and boost efficiency. According to a survey, 35% of US manufacturers use data from smart sensors in their set-ups. For example, the US company Concrete Sensors has developed a device that can be embedded into concrete to provide information about the material’s state.
Line 16–20: IoT is still in its early stages, as even people who have bought one of the many smart home products—from lightbulbs to motion sensors—will attest that fact. There are serious security flaws that need to be fixed, and products don’t always connect with ease.
Line 21–27: There is an unwritten rule that anything connected to the Internet can be hacked, and IoT gadgets are no exception to this rule. Toy company VTech lost videos and images of kids using its linked devices due to insecure Internet of Things technology. Surveillance also becomes a problem. Every product having internet connectivity raises the possibility of unrestricted user observation. If a connected refrigerator monitors food consumption and usage, takeaways may target people who feel hungry or lack food.
1. The passage indicates that...
2. It can be inferred from the passage that...
3. What is the topic of the passage?
4. The word “embedded” in line 16 could be best replaced by...
5. In which course would this reading be assigned?
6. Which of the following is NOT discussed about IoT?
7. The pronoun “it” in line 11 refers to which of the following?
8. Where in the passage does the author mention the problem of IoT in its initial phase?
9. What is the meaning of “attest” in line 19?
Text 5
Line 1–4: For years, coal has been assisted to power many countries. The energy sector accounts for more than 90 percent of all coal consumed in the United States, with the remainder burned in industry and commercial use. However, electricity generated from coal is becoming less popular, as other fossil fuel, natural gas, and clean energy alternatives and energy efficiency take over the role, despite the fact that this non-renewable energy powered some countries like the United States in the early 80s to early 2000s.
Line 5–9: There are four main types of coal. Ordered from the least to most containing carbon are lignite, sub-bituminous, bituminous, and anthracite. To fuel the power plants, the most used coal is bituminous or sub-bituminous. Another type of coal is called metallurgical or coking coal, which is specialized for steelmaking.
Line 10–18: The process of coal formation takes more than hundreds of million years. Dead plants trapped in swamps and impacted by the forces like heat and pressure for a long time slowly turned from the humid peat with low concentration of carbon into coal, a dark colored rock contented with energy and carbon. Coal needs to go through a preparation process to save the shipping costs and make it suitable for power plant usage, before it is carried long distances. Crushing the coal and removing heavy, non-coal materials are often included in the preparation.
Line 19–27: Coal is prepared using different ways. Coal with high content of sulfur or other impurities found in coal is generally washed in water or a chemical bath, which removes up to 40% of the inorganic sulfur, whilst coal with low content of sulfur is frequently crushed and resized without washing process. The level of sulfur is affected by the condition in which the coal is formed. In non-saline environments low-carbon sulfur deposits; large amounts of sulfur deposits develop in brackish water or marine-influenced environments.
1. What is the main idea of the passage?
2. It is stated in the passage that coal utilization…
3. What is the meaning of “remainder” in line 3?
4. The pronoun “it” in line 18 refers to which of the following?
5. In which course would this reading be assigned?
6. It can be inferred from the passage that…
7. Where the different treatment for sulfur-containing coal is found in the passage?
8. The word “brackish” in line 27 is closest in meaning to…
9. Which of the following is NOT stated about coal?
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